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S.y.b.com semester – iv (cbcs) advertising exam questions

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S.Y.B.com semester – iv (cbcs) advertising Q.2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of TV advertising? ANS: Television Advertising Television provides the ability to communicate sight, sound, motion and emotion. The viewer can instantly see the product, view it in a variety of situations, determine how it can be of benefit to their application and leave them with a lasting impression on the business. Advantages of Television Advertising 1) Creativity: The interaction of sight and sound offers tremendous creative flexibility and makes possible dramatic, life like representations of production services. TV commercials can be used to convey a mood or image for a brand as well as to develop emotional or entertaining appeals that help make a dull product appear interesting. Television is also an excellent medium for demonstrating a product or service. 2) Wide coverage: Everyone, regardless of age, gender, income or educational level, watches TV at least for some time. Marketers selling products and services that appeal to broad target audience find that TV allows them to reach mass markets. TV is popular medium among companies selling mass consumption products. Companies with widespread distribution and availability of their products and services use TV to reach the mass market and deliver their advertising. 3) Selectivity: Proper slot must be selected to telecast the ad and it is due to variations in the composition of audiences as a result of programme content, broadcast time and geographical coverage. For example, Sunday morning TV caters to children, Saturday and Sunday afternoon programmes are geared to sports oriented male and week daytime shows heavily to homemakers. 4) Demonstration: The demonstration of the product can be shown through television advertisement. It will encourage viewers to purchase the product. Eg: Maggi is shown how it is being made in 2 minutes. Easy to cook good to eat. 5) Ability to create humor : Television advertisement generates humor among general audience. As it ads audio, video and jingles. It attracts the customer and thus they may take a decision of purchasing the product. 6) Can reach illiterates: The ads shown on television are in different languages and since it has audio effects the illiterates can also be attracted to see and understand the ad. Many of the social advertisements are shown on television to generate awareness among illiterates. 7) Low per person cost: As lakhs of people watch the ad at a time the per person cost is less. Eg: Doordarshan National Channel is watched by lakhs of people especially in rural areas. 8) Captures international market: Certain channels are shown at international level and thus the ad can be telecasted to other countries too. Therefore, Indian companies may get the orders and popularity from other countries. 9) Repetition: The same ad can be repeatedly shown on television. It increases the chances of people viewing the ad and hence the popularity of the product increases. It can also create top of mind awareness. Limitations / Disadvantages of Television Advertising 1) Costs: Despite the efficiency of TV in reaching large audience, it is an enormously expensive medium to advertisement. The high cost of TV ads stems not only from the expense of buying airtime, but also form the cost of producing a quality commercial. More advertisers are using media driven creative strategies that require production of a variety of commercials, which drive up their cost. Even local ads can be expensive to produce and often are not of high quality. 2) Lack of selectivity: Advertiser who are seeking a very specific, often small, target audience find the coverage of TV often extending beyond their market, thus reducing its cost effectiveness. Geographical selectivity can be a problem for local advertisers such as retailers since it rates on the total market area it reaches. Audience selectivity is difficult as advertisers target certain groups of consumers through the type of programme or day and/or time they choose to advertisement. 3) Clutter: Like other media, television advertisement also suffers from the problem of clutter. Nowadays, there are too many ads on television and therefore many a times the audience is also confused and boredom with same. Therefore, though television ads are attractive they may not hold the audience for long. 4) Lack of clarity of message: The ad message can be lost in the maelstrom television. Viewers may change the channel or decrease the volume during commercial breaks is a common habit, losing the reception of messages. So, the idea may not be so clear and the objective is not reached. 5) Fleeting message: TV commercials usually last only 30 seconds or less and leave nothing tangible for the viewer to examine or consider. Commercials have become considerably short as the demand for a limited amount of broadcast time has intensified and advertisers to get more impressions from their media budgets. 6) Negative attitudes: Many consumers have negative attitude about TV commercials. A number of filters negatively impact the ad, even if it reaches a large audience. Leaving the room, talking to friends, texting, flipping channels, reading and simply spacing off are all things that can distract viewers from watching and absorbing commercial message. 7) Lacks flexibility: It’s not as easy as editing your print ad. Most times, a TV ad will need to be shot again, or at least that part of it will need to be re-shot, and it’s difficult to pick up action in the middle of an ad and to come away with the same feel of the ad as the first time. 8) Time consuming process: Even a 30-second ad or the 10- and 15- second clips of recent years, require a lot of effort. Advertiser needs to hire a script writer or an ad agency, actors and a director. Rehearsing, shooting and retakes consume an entire day or more. It’s time- consuming and stressful process. 9) Placement of ads: The advertiser may not get the right placement of ads during the TV programme. The ads of competitors may appear at the same time and

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fybcom syllabus mumbai university | fybcom semester 2 question paper

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F.Y.B.Com Semester II Business Economics II Q.4 Discuss the long run equilibrium of the firm under perfect competition. ANS: The long run is a period of time which is sufficiently long to allow the firms to make changes in all factors of production. Therefore, it is said that in the long run, all factors of production are variable and no factors are fixed. So in the long run the firms, can increase or decrease their output by changing their capital equipment; they may expand or contract their old plants or replace the old lower-capacity plants by the new higher-capacity plants or add new plants in the business or the firms can contract their output level by reducing their capital equip-ment; they may allow a part of the existing capital equipment to wear out without replacement or sell out a part of the capital equipment Besides, in the long run, new firms can enter the industry to compete the existing firms. Moreover, the firms can leave the industry in the long run. The long-run equilibrium then refers to the situation when free and full adjustment in the capital equip-ment as well as in the number of firms has been allowed to take place. It is therefore long-run average and marginal cost curve which are relevant for deciding about equilibrium output in the long run. Moreover, in the long run, it is the average total cost which is of determining importance, since all costs are variable and none fixed. As explained above, a firm is in equilibrium under perfect competition when marginal cost is equal to price i.e. MC = P. But for the firm to be in long-run equilibrium, besides marginal cost being equal to price, the price must also be equal to average cost (P = MC). For, if the price is greater or less than the average cost, there will be tendency for the firms to enter or leave the industry. If the price is greater than the average cost, the firms will try to earn more than normal profits. These supernormal profits will attracts the new firms to enter into the industry. With the entry of new firms in the industry, the price of the product will go down as a result of the increase in supply of output and also the cost will go up as a result of more intensive competition for factors of production will be generated. The firms will continue entering the industry until the price is equal to average cost so that all firms are earning only normal profits. These can be explained with the help of the following Diagram 9.5 given below: Diagram 1.5 represents the equilibrium condition of firm under perfect competition. The firm in the long-run equilibrium is at a price OP and quantity of output is OQ where the equilibrium point is E. at the equilibrium point MR = MC. As said the firm earns normal profit in the long run so, Profit = TR- TC = OQEP – OQEP Therefore, the firm earns normal profit in the long run where, P= AR= MR= AC= MC. If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only . Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141 Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw  

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Business economics fybcom sem 2 pdf mumbai university

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F.Y.B.COM. SEMESTER – II BUSINESS ECONOMICS – II​ Q.2 Explain how a firm gets profit maximisation under perfect competition. ANS: Profit is the main objective of any firm into business. Each and every firm tries to makes maximum possible profit into the business. Firm earns profit when Total revenue which has earned subtracted from the Total cost which he has bare for the production.     Therefore, we say that the price under perfect competition is equal to the average revenue which a firm earns in a market. A firm in a perfectly competitive market tries to maximize his profits. In the short-run, it is possible for a firm to earn profits which can be positive, negative, or zero. Economic profits which the firm earns will be zero in the long-run. In the short-run, if a firm earns negative economic profit, it is said that he should continue to operate his business if its price exceeds its average variable cost and he should shut down if its price is below its average variable cost. The marginal revenue (MR) is the change in total revenue from an additional unit of output sold in the market for which the firm bares Marginal cost. In order to maximize the profits in a perfectly competitive market, the firms set the price where the marginal revenue equal to marginal cost (MR=MC). The MR curve is the slope of the revenue curve, which is also equal to the demand curve (DD), price (P) and the Marginal and Average Revenue curve. Therefore, In the shortterm, it is possible for a firm to earn economic profits to be positive, zero, or negative. When price is greater than average total cost, the firm is making a profit. When price is less than average total cost, the firm is making a loss in the market. Perfect Competition in the Short Run: In the short run, it is possible for an individual firm to make an economic profit. This state is shown in the above Diagram 9.1, as the price or average revenue, denoted by P, is above the average cost denoted by AR. In the long-run, if firms try to earning positive economic profits, more and firms will enter into perfectly competitive market are, which will shift the supply curve to the right of the original place. As the supply curve shifts to the right, the equilibrium price of the firm will go down. As the price goes down, the economic profits will decrease until they become zero. When the price is less than the average total cost of the production, at that time the firms are making a loss. In the long-run, if firms in a perfectly competitive market are earning negative economic profits, then more firms will leave the market and which in turn will shift the supply curve left of the diagram. As the supply curve shifts to the left, the price will rise. As the price rises, the economic profits will increase until they become zero. In the long-run, companies that are engaged in a perfectly competitive market will earn zero economic profits. The long-run equilibrium point for a perfectly competitive market occurs where the demand curve (price)(P) intersects the marginal cost (MC) curve at the minimum point of the average cost (AC) curve. Perfect Competition in the Long Run: In the long-run, economic profit cannot be constant. The entry of new firms in the market will cause the demand curve of each individual firm to shift the demand curve downward, bringing down the price, the average revenue (AR) and marginal revenue curve (MR). In the long-run, the firm will make zero economic profit. Its horizontal demand curve will touch its average total cost curve at its lowest point (E). The firm is at equilibrium at the point (E) where Marginal revenue (MR) is tangent to Marginal cost (MC). If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only . Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141 Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw  

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fybcom sem 2 business communication important questions 2025 answers

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F.Y.B.COM. SEMESTER – II BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Q.10 Define PR and functions that PROs need to perform. AND: Definition: Public Relations is the deliberate planned and sustained effort of an organization to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. Functions of PR: As communicators they can ascertain the very pulse of the public, and their perceptions can inform and influence policy decisions of an organization, be it for finance, marketing, community, government or environment purposes. They are therefore able to play a vital role as advisors to the management on diverse aspects. In this capacity they can help shape company policy. The public relations division can act as the image makers for the organization or the individual and, by adopting the right medium and appropriate content, can influence public opinion. A good assessment of people‘s culture specifics enables it to devise suitable strategies in determining an organization‘s goals. The ability to communicate qualifies it to act as intermediary with lobbyists or to itself lobby for organizations with people, governments or international bodies to secure deals. Though event management is being carved as aspecial niche, this is essentially what a PR professional routinely handles. Events would include diverse programmes like musical extravaganzas or book launches. But organizing conferences, meetings, symposia or exhibitions are again traditionally a PR professional‘s responsibility. Crisis management is synonymous with PR. But more important is the ability to keep the antennae up and alert and pre-empt problems. PROs (Public relations officers) therefore have to act as sirens that warn of impending trouble. When a crisis occurs, they are the first ones sought to defuse the situation, or restrict and control damage. They have to act as spokespersons for the organization. In rendering first-aid in a crisis situation, they often help by deflecting public attention from an unpleasant and unsavoury occurrence towards a positive and beneficial one. They have, therefore, been regarded as doing a white washing‘ exercise. Be that as it may, they are credited with achieving a =turnaround‘ in public perception and restoring the shine to a tarnished image. PROs are the natural and first choice as spokespersons for an organization and need to routinely interact with the media, the government or other agencies. By virtue of handling both external as well as internal audiences their role overlaps with that of the HRD. In challenging times of strikes, go-slow motions, lock-ups, mergers and/or acquisitions, they are ideally suited in addressing and occasionally redressing the concerns of the employees of an organization. Tools of PR : The principal and basic tools of PROs are the spoken word, the written word and the image. The nature and the need of the audience determine the form or the medium. If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141  Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidolSuraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducationF.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexamS.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexamF.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexamS.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexamT.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexamM.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1ExamM.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2ExamM.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw        

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Mumbai University business communication important questions and answers

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F.Y.B.COM. SEMESTER – II BUSINESS COMMUNICATION F.Y.B.COM. SEMESTER – II Q.8 What is the difference between a conference and a meeting? ANS: While a committee, as well as a conference, is a type of group communication, in a committee meeting the number of members is small, there is a well defined agenda and decisions taken are legally binding on the organization. A committee meeting is therefore a very formal affair, as its members are appointed, or nominated, and the meeting is organized with a view to solving a pertinent problem, or to implement a decision. A conference, on the other hand, is a relatively informal gettogether of a larger group that meets in an informal manner; the decisions taken at a conference are of a consultative or advisory nature. Participants in a conference do not have any voting right. In a conference, a given problem/ subject is analysed from all angles in order to arrive at the best possible solution / option. These decisions are put forward in a recommendatory fashion. For instance, a bank organising an in-house conference, before introducing the ATM facility to its customers, may invite general discussion on various aspects of the proposition, such as What is the profile of the customer? What would be their reaction to such a scheme? What kind of reception would this new facility receive? How should the bank break the news to its customers? What effort should it take to break their resistance? How should it address their security concerns? What should be the advertising strategy? It is only after a thorough study of all these aspects, and in the light of the recommendations received, that a policy decision on whether such a facility should be introduced, where it should be introduced first, what will be the task of the Public Relations Department etc, will be taken. If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only . Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141 Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw

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Business Communication F.Y.B.COM Semester 2 Mumbai University Question

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F.Y.B.COM. SEMESTER – II BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Q.6 Group communication advantages and disadvantages. ANS: Introduction : A major objective of communication is to help decisionmaking by collecting, processing and transmitting information. A decision-making process must involve discussion, consultation and consensus. For example, the members of the examination committee meet before conducting an examination to decide on the dates, schedules, time required for evaluation, and declaration of results. Any decision, taken individually on behalf of an organisation without consultation with others, is considered arbitrary and autocratic. Advantages of group communication: A group is a reserve of collective intellect, diverse opinions, different perspectives aimed at creating a pool of ideas to obtain the best possible results of any endeavour. Apart from helping the common cause, it enriches individuals in the group by exposing them to plurality of ideas. It also engenders a sense of involvement in an organization, and strengthens relationships between the management and employees. A collective decision-making process encourages latent talents. Members learn to value compromise and still contribute to the cause. Delphi techniques, meetings, conferences, seminars and workshops, brain-storming sessions are the various ways of group decision making in the organization. Disadvantages of group communication: Working in a group on an idea is a time-consuming affair, particularly when a consensus is required. Levels of background research, knowledge, sense of responsibility and intelligence vary, bringing about unintelligible differences and lack of participation. Often, the actual purpose of a meeting is lost in endless circumlocution. A better idea or opinion can get sacrificed in the collective bargain, rendering the process a waste of time and resources. If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per Subject 100/- rupees only . Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141  Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw

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F.Y.B.COM. SEMESTER – II BUSINESS COMMUNICATION,Q – 3

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    Q.3 Explain Interview Styles and Format of Interviews. ANS: 1. Directional: This interview style is extremely structured. The interviewer asks specific, direct questions in a pre – set order. One reason for using this format may be the need to maintain consistency across candidates throughout the interview and to make the selection process easier and fairer. This style may also be used for recruitment at lower levels by large organisations that receive too many applications in response to their recruitment drive. 2. Non-Directional: This style is used mainly for higher level recruitment and is more like a conversation than a question-answer session. The interviewer uses open- ended questions to draw out responses from the candidate. 3. Behavioral: This style is used by the interviewer to judge the performance of the candidate in the same/similar role in the previous company. In this style, candidates are expected to answer questions with specific examples of how they have tackled problems, handled various situations, etc. 4. Presentation : This is again used at higher levels where candidates are expected to make a presentation before a panel. One must remember, however, that none of these styles will be used in isolation. An interview will consist of a combination of these styles. Format of Interviews: 1. Pre-Interview Tests : This format is used when an unusually large number of candidates has applied for a few posts. It is generally in the form of a written test which tests both general and specific technical skills. This is common in IT jobs, government jobs, etc. In case of jobs requiring strenuous physical activity and alertness of mind e.g. armed forces, security personnel, bodyguards, etc. there may be physical and mental tests as well. Group Discussions may also be treated as part of the pre-interview test. Other methods could include case study, role-play, etc. 2. Individual : This is an interview where a single interviewer meets the candidate. Generally, the HR department is involved in this task where, from the stack of applications, potential candidates are screened for the main interview. In this stage, the focus is not on the technical know-how of the candidate but more on commitment and adaptability. The questions will be based on the candidate‘s previous jobs, reasons for leaving, salary, CTC, perks and allowances, salary expectations, etc. Later, the candidate may meet the prospective boss, head of the department, etc for similar one-on-one interviews where subject knowledge, technical skills will be tested. 3. Panel Interviews : Here, two or more people form a panel to interview the candidate at the same time. Generally, the panel consists of the head of the department, one member of the HR department, and a third person. There may be an internal/external expert on the panel, if required. The structure of the interview will be the same, the only difference being that the questions will be asked by all the panelists, with each of them performing a different role on the panel.

F.Y.B.COM

F.Y.B.COM. SEMESTER – II BUSINESS COMMUNICATION, Q – 2

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Q.2 Example of interview and Types of Interviews. ANS: Introduction: An interview is a formal conversation in which both concerned parties attempt to find out if the other party offers something valuable to them. All organisations, irrespective of size or industry, need and use interviews to select the right candidate for the right job. Joe McDermott defines an interview as: ―a complex interaction between two parties both of whom are offering something while simultaneously seeking to have a need met. An interview is a two-way process of communication where both the concerned parties have a need; – the interviewers seek information from the candidate to determine whether s/he is the right candidate for the job, while the candidate tries to decide whether the job and the organisation are right for him/her. The purpose of an interview may vary depending on the need and the situation. Interviews are held not only for selection of candidates but also for promotion, redressal of grievances, assessment of performance, etc. I. Types of Interviews: A) Selection Interview: This type of interview is also known as Job Interview, Employment Interview, Service Interview etc. The main objective is to select the right candidate for the right position. Apart from the application letter, curriculum vitae and other documents that a prospective candidate sends the employers, it is essential that a face-toface meeting take place between the employers and the candidate to check the suitability of the candidate for the position for which s/he is being recruited. This also gives the employer an opportunity to assess the entire personality of the candidate and choose one from among the many applicants for the job. Most recruiters look for three important requirements in a candidate:  Aptitude and Ability  Commitment  Adaptability Aptitude and Ability indicate the capacity to do the job. Through the interview, the interviewer tries to find out if the qualities and qualifications mentioned in the CV/Resume are borne out through the replies of the candidate. Commitment is loyalty and dedication towards the company. The interviewer is interested in knowing if the candidate has a long-term interest in the company i.e. will the candidate stick on to the job or quit in a few months. The interviewer is obviously not interested in repeating the recruitment process in the near future. Adaptability is the ease with which the candidate will fit into the company: interpersonal relationships, the working style, values, etc.

F.Y.B.COM

F.Y.B.COM. SEMESTER – II BUSINESS COMMUNICATION, Q – 1

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https://mumbaiuniversityidol.com/fyb-com-semester-2/   Q.1 AN EXAMPLE OF THE OUTLINE AND A FULL LENGTH PRESENTATION. ANS: Title : Run For Your Life! Sub-title : The need, importance and benefits of physical exercise. 1. Introduction: Nature of modern fast paced life. 2. Effects of life on the fast track. 3. Need for exercise mental, physical, spiritual. 4. Benefits of exercise. 5. Modern day forms of exercise. 6. Conclusion. Introduction. Shahrukh Khan goes for 6 pack abs. Amir Khan up to 8 pack abs. Leena Mogre opens her hi-style gym. Fitness First opens in Oshivara. Cloud 9 opens its 9th outlet in Bandra. Respected judges, professors and friends, Are all these a symbol of a rising and shining India? Yes, but much more, they a sign of the changing times, an increasingly body and health conscious people of a fast developing country India. 1. Friends you must be aware that with a happy rising GDP and a satisfying soaring sensex there is also a distressing increase in suicides, hyper tension, diabetes, depression and heart ailments. In fact it has been predicted that India will be the diabetes capital of the world. And who or what is to be blamed for this state of affairs? Not just the nature of the fast- paced modern life but also the wrong health habits of the people. 2. Life on the fast track has its own advantages and pitfalls. Today‘s youth is focused and in a hurry to achieve success. One may get a good job, income, lifestyle and all the trappings of success, but at what cost? They have little time to savour the little pleasures of life, The result is long working hours, lack of sleep, stress and hyper tension. Surely life is not all about financial security and professional success alone? One needs good health to enjoy the fruits of success. 3. It is not uncommon or strange that practically everyday newspapers and other media are advocating the importance of exercise and right diet. Exercise is to the body what active usage is to any machine. Take the example of any car or a sewing machine that is not put to use for a couple of months. It is but natural that after a couple of months of disuse the car‘s battery would have discharged, the machinery rusted or clogged. But a running machine would be in excellent form giving peak performance with an occasional servicing. 4 Similarly the mind too gets sharper and more effective with mental exercise and training as well as right thinking. So too the spirit and soul of man would be more receptive to awareness and acceptance of divine grace when kept in good shape with the spiritual exercise of prayer, meditation and fasting. 5. The benefits of exercise are manifold. An exercised body is ready for peak performance because it is energetic. A person has greater stamina. It increases heart rate and blood supply to all the parts of the body. Exercise releases endorphins which impart to the body a heightened awareness and a sense of well being as well as alertness. It engenders the value of self-discipline and hard work. It makes one focused and sure and determined. The sense of well being makes a person cheerful and enthusiastic. These qualities are key drivers in a person‘s attitude to work and relationships. Such an individual would also be positive, easy to get along with and an active contributor to society. 6. Having said that we need to consider the different ways of bodily exercise. The modern world offers a rich variety of ways. There are of course the modern gyms which have become so popular. There are the older variations of the humble home grown gyms, the vyayamshalas and the akharas. The pole climbing and wrestling and boxing as much as the karate and the judo are other forms of both exercise, sport and body fitness combined. There is our very own Yoga, now an internationally renowned form of both mental and physical fitness. But what about the cheapest and commonest form of fitness and exercise that any one can use? Why it is the the simplest walking and jogging or running. No need of spending hefty amounts in fashionable gyms or training schools. Any one can walk or gradually progress to run a small stretch of the road. This explains the popularity of the public parks with running tracks and tracks for walking. They are the popular Nana Nani parks and friends if you notice there are people of all ages and sizes and shapes, not just grand parents and oldies. Even if the parks are named for them! This also explains the popularity of the old adage: After supper rest a while, after dinner walk a mile. Of course one doesn‘t advocate running after dinner. Also observe how the doctors are all always advising people to walk everyday for at least half an hour daily. A brisk walk or a slow run are what can do wonders, and all at no cost! 7. The Marathons are yet another feature that explain the popularity of running. Watch how young and old have all enthusiastically taken to it and not just in India but all over the world. They have also helped focus attention on a cause and helped multinational and national companies contribute their b it by demonstrating corporate responsibility. And so in conclusion friends I can only stress the importance of running to make your life longer, healthier and happier by saying: Keep away strife, Take your wife and Run for your Life.  

E-commerce, M.COM PART 1

E commerce m com semester 2 important questions and answers pdf download

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  M.com Part 1 (Semester 2) E- COMMERCE Most Important Question Bank for Current Exam Q.19. What are the limitations of e-enterprise? ANS:       Though e-commerce offers many advantages to customers, business, society and nation, there are still some areas of concern that need to be addressed. The following are some of the disadvantages or limitations of e-enterprise. 1. Security :- The biggest drawback of e-business is the issue of security. People fear to provide personal and financial information, even though several improvements have been made in relation to data encryption. Certain websites do not have capabilities to conduct authentic transactions. Fear of providing credit card information and risk of identity limit the growth of e-business. 2. Lack of privacy :- Many websites do not have high encryption for secure online transaction or to protect online identity. Some websites illegally collect statistics on consumers without their permission. Lack of privacy discourages people to use internet for conduction commercial transactions 3. Tax issues :- Sales tax is another big issues when the buyer and seller are situated in different locations. Computation of sales tax poses problems when the buyer and seller in different states. Another factor is that physical stores will lose business if web purchases are free from tax. 4. Fear :- People fear to operate in a paperless and faceless electronic world. Some of the business organizations do not have physical existence, people do not know with whom they are conducting commercial transactions. This aspect makes people to opt physical stores for purchase. 5. Legal issues :- The cyber laws that govern the e-business transactions are not very clear and very from country-to-country. These legal issues prevent people from entering into electronic contacts. 6. Sectoral Limitations :- The main disadvantage of e-business is the lack of growth in some sectors on account of product or sector limitations. The food sector has not benefited in terms of growth of sales and consequent revenue generation because of number of practical reasons, like food products becoming perishable items. Consumers do not look for food products on the interent, since they prefer to going to the supermarket to buy the necessary items as and when its require. Therefore, e-business gets the online orders relate to food, grocery related products. 7. Costly e-business solutions for optimization :- Substantial resources are required for redefining products lines in order to sell online. Upgrading computer systems, training personnel, and updating websites requires substantial resources. Electronic Data management (EDM) and Enterprise resourse planning(ERP), necessary for ensuring optimal business process, may be pose challenges to e-enterprise. 8. Challenges of low Entry Barriers to existing Firms :- In e-commerce there is low entry barriers. The rapid growth of e-commerce sector is attracting new entrants. One can start e-business venture with an initial investment of as low as rs.5 to rs 10 lakhs, thereby leading to reduced competitive advantages. The sector is also attracting the interest of Venture Capital Funds, and thus enabling e-commerce enterpreneurs to secure funds easily. This enables new companies to easily replicate the existing business models and , thereby ,increase competiton in the sector. 9. Low Pentration of Internet in Rural Areas :- India’s e-commerce market is mainly dominated by urban areas, with the bulk of the business being restricted to cities. Internet useage in rural areas is limited, although 70% of india’s population lives in rural areas. The limited internet useage in rural areas could be due to several factors such as low internet speed and internet user base. The inadequacy of vernacular content of e-commerce websites is another reason for low penetration in rural areas. 10. Problem in payment gateways :- Indian payment gateways have high failure rate as comapred to other countries. Several customers do not attempt payment after a transaction fails. Therefore, online  sellers using payment gateways are losing out on online sales.    

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