Unemployment

 M.com Part 1 (Semester 2) MACROECONOMIC Most Important Question Bank for Current Exam 11.   Explain the concept of Human Development? ANS: The UNDP Human Development Report 1997 describes human development as “the process of widening people’s choices and the level of well-being they achieve are at the core of the notion of human development. Such theories are neither finite nor static. But regardless of the level of development, the three essential choices for people are to lead a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living. Human development does not end there, however. Other choices highly valued by many people, range from political, economic and social freedom to opportunities for being creative and productive and enjoying self-respect and guaranteed human rights”.   The HDR 1997 further stated that, “Income clearly is only one option that people would like to have though an important one. But it is not the sum-total of their lives. Income is only a means with human development the end”. What we understand from the description of human development found in HDR 1997 is that human development is a continuous process. The process becomes developmental only if it increases choices and improves human well-being. Amongst other choices, the three most important choices are that of long and healthy life which is determined by life expectancy at birth, to acquire knowledge which is determined by education and a decent standard of living which is determined by GDP per capita. These three choices are also the components of human development index. While these three choices are basic to human development, the choices go beyond these three to include the ever expanding social, political and economic freedoms that make human life worth living. Thus, guaranteed human rights become an important aspect of human development. According to Paul Streeton, human development is necessary due to the following reasons: 1. Economic growth is only a means to the end of achieving human development. 2. Investments in education, health and training will increase longevity and productivity of the labor force and thereby improve human development. 3. Female education and development widens choices for women’s development. Reduced infant mortality rate reduces fertility rate and reduces the size of the family. It further improves female health and helps to reduce the rate of growth of population. 4. Encroachment upon the natural environment is the result of growing size of impoverished populations. Problems of desertification, deforestation, and soil erosion, erosion of natural beauty, unpleasant habitats and surroundings will reduce with human development. 5. Poverty reduction will encourage people to satisfy higher order needs like esteem needs and the need for self-actualization. Thus, human development can contribute to a better civil society, a credible democracy and social stability and political stability.   https://ern.li/OP/axxluktum3x If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141        Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation   F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam   S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam   F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam     S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam     T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam     M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam   M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw