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M.COM PART 1, MACROECONOMIC, Question Bank

Macro economics m.com part 1 question papers with answers idol

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 SEMESTER – II MACROECONOMIC     5.   Explain the concept of purchasing power parity income ANS: The purchasing power parity theory of exchange rate determination was put forward by Professor Gustav Cassel of Sweden in the year 1920. There are two versions of the PPP theory known as the absolute and the relative versions. According to the absolute version, the exchange rate between two currencies should be equal to the ratio of the price indexes in the two countries. The formula for the absolute versions of the theory is as follows: RAB = PA/PB Here, RAB is the exchange rate between two countries A and B and ‘P’ refers to the price index. The absolute version is not used because it ignores transportation costs and other factors which hinder trade, non-traded goods, capital flows and real purchasing power. The relative version which is widely used by Economists can be illustrated as follows. Let us assume that India and the United States are on inconvertible paper standard and the domestic purchasing power of $1 in the US is equal to Rs.45 in India. The exchange rate would therefore be $1 = Rs.45. Assuming the price levels in both the countries to be constant, if the exchange rate moves to $1 = Rs.40, it would mean that less rupees are required to buy the same bundle of goods in India as compared to $1 in the US. It means that the US dollar is overvalued and the Indian Rupee is undervalued. Appreciation of the rupee will discourage exports and encourage imports in India. As a result, the demand for USD will increase and that of INR will fall till the PPP exchange rate is restored at $1 = Rs.45. Conversely, if the exchange rate moves to $1 = Rs.50, the INR is overvalued and the USD is undervalued. This will encourage exports and discourage imports till once again the PPP exchange rate is restored. According to the PPP theory, the exchange rate between two countries is determined at a point of equality between the respective purchasing powers of the two currencies. The PPP exchange rate is a moving par which changes with the changes in the price level. To calculate the equilibrium exchange rate under the relative version of the theory, the following formula is used: PA1 ∕ PA0                             R = R0 × ————— PB1∕ PB0 Where 0     =       base period, 1       =       period one, A&B =       Countries A and B. P       =       Price Index. R0     =       Exchange rate in the base period. Assuming the price index of Country ‘A’ (India) to be 100 in the base period and 300 in period one and that of United States to be 100 and 200 in the two periods respectively and the Original exchange rate to be Rs.40, the new PPP exchange rate would be as follows:                300∕ 100       300     100      3 R=40 × ————— = —— × —— = — = 1.5 = Rs.60 200 ∕ 100      100     200      2 Thus Rs.60/- or $1 = INR 60 will be the new PPP exchange rate. However, the PPP exchange rate will be modified by the cost of transporting goods including duties, insurance, banking and other charges. These costs are the limits within which the exchange rate can fluctuate given the demand supply situation. These limits are the ‘upper limit’ or the commodity export point and the ‘lower limit’ or the commodity import point. Critical Assessment of the PPP Exchange Rate Theory. The PPP theory is criticized on the following grounds: 1.  Price Indices of Two Countries are not comparable. The base year of indices in two countries may be different. The consumption basket may also be different. The PPP rate may not therefore give an accurate exchange rate based on the relative purchasing powers of any two currencies.  2.  Base Year is Indeterminate. The theory assumes that the balance of payments is in equilibrium in the base year. It is difficult to find the base year in which the balance of payment was in equilibrium.  3. Capital Mobility Influences the Price Level. The theory assumes that there is no capital mobility. The general price level does not affect items such as insurance, shipping, banking transactions etc. However, these items influence the exchange rate. 4. Changes in the Exchange Rate affects the General Price Level. When the exchange rate depreciates, the domestic price level is influenced by the rise in import prices. Demand for exports increases, thereby raising the price of export goods. Conversely, when the exchange rate appreciates, exports are affected and imports become cheaper, thus bringing about a fall in the price level. 5. Laissez Faire does not exist. The theory is based on the policy of laissez-faire. However, laissez faire does not exist. International trade is greatly influenced by restrictive and protective trade policies. Non-market forces therefore influence the exchange rate.  6. Elasticity of Reciprocal Demand influences Exchange Rates. According to Keynes, the theory neglects the influence of elasticity of reciprocal demand. The exchange rate is not only determined by relative prices but also by the elasticity of reciprocal demand between trading countries.  7. Changes in the Demand for Imports and Exports influence Exchange Rate. The exchange rate is not determined by purchasing power parity alone. The demand for imports and exports also influence exchange rate. If the demand for imports rise, purchasing power parity remaining constant, the exchange rate will rise and vice versa. Conclusion In spite of the limitations, the PPP exchange rate theory is widely used in development economics to ascertain the real level of development of an economy. The theory is therefore useful and PPP exchange rate is therefore a useful macroeconomic tool. Haberler in support of the theory says that, “While the price levels of different countries diverge, their price systems are nevertheless interrelated and interdependent, although the relation need not be that of equality. Moreover, supporters of the theory are quite right in contending that the exchanges can always be established at any desired level of appropriate changes in the volume of money.     NATIONAL INCOME CONCEPTS GNP, GDP & NDP A)  GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP) The GNP is the most widely used measure of national income. It is the basic

M.COM PART 1, Question Bank, Research Methodology

research methodology for business M.com part 1 question papers with answers idol | What are the factors determine sample size?

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IDOL Mumbai University important questions bank   M.com Part 1 (sem. 2) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR BUSINESS     Q.9. What are the factors determine sample size? ANS: 1) Area of Research: The number of sample respondents depends on the area of research. If the research is conducted at national level, it may require more number of respondent. If the research is conducted at local level, it may require less number of respondents. 2) Availability of Funds: Generally, the researcher may be constrained by the limitation of funds to conduct the research. Therefore, when the researcher has limited amount of funds allocated to the research activity, the sample size would be lesser as compared to when the researcher has larger amount of funds. 3) Availability of Manpower: The researcher may require manpower to conduct surveys, interviews or for conducting experiments, observation etc. Eg. If the researcher has a good number of filed staff to conduct interviews, he may select the larger sample size of respondents and vice-versa. 4) Time Frame: The sample size may depend on the time frame of research. If the researcher has lot of time available to conduct the research, he may select a large sample size of respondents and vice versa. 5) Nature of Research: The nature of research may influence the sample size of respondents. Eg. In case of academic research, the researcher may be constrained with the limitations of funds, and therefore, he may select a smaller sample size. However, in the case of census survey of population, the sample size will be the entire population of the country. 6) Method of Sampling: The method of sampling may influence the sample size of respondents. Eg. If convenience sampling method is used, the researcher may consider a smaller sample size to obtain responses. However, in case of stratified sampling or cluster sampling, the researcher needs to select a larger sample size of respondents. 7) Method / Sources of Data Collection: The method of data collection may influence the sample size of respondents. Eg. If researcher collects data through interviews, he may select a larger sample size of respondents. However, if the researcher adopts observation method, he may consider a smaller sample size for the purpose of observation. 8) Judgment of the Researcher: At times, the researcher may use his judgement in deciding in the sample size. He may consider a smaller sample size, if he is confident in getting the adequate data from a smaller sample size. However, if the researcher feels that he needs to select a larger sample to collect responses, he may select a larger sample size.   If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141        Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation   F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam   S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam   F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam     S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam     T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam     M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam   M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw   research methodology for business mcom sem 2 questions bank M.com Semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank m.com semester 2 research methodology for business important notes research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 notes pdf research methodology for business M.com Semester 2 important questions bank research methodology for business M.com Semester 2 exam IMP questions bank research methodology for business m.com semester 2 exam question paper research methodology for business m.com question papers with answers pdf mumbai university mumbai university solved question papers download pdf m.com part 1 question papers with answers idol mumbai university question papers with solutions M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank pdf download M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank pdf M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank mcq research methodology for business m.com mcq pdf research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 pdf research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 mcq pdf solved questions on research methodology for business pdf free download 100 questions (and answers) about research methodology for business pdf      

M.COM PART 1, Question Bank, Research Methodology

Research methodology for business m.com semester 2 exam question paper | Highlight the importance of hypothesis in research

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 IDOL Mumbai University important questions bank   M.com Part 1 (sem. 2) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR BUSINESS     Q.7. Highlight the importance of hypothesis in research. ANS: 1) Helps to explore unknown facts: The hypothesis provides the researcher with the most efficient instrument for exploring and explaining the unknown facts. It stimulates the researcher for further research studies. 2) Enables to prepare research design: The hypothesis helps in preparing research design. It may suggest research objectives, sample design, data requirement, techniques of data collection, tests and tools to analyse data etc. 3) Identifies need for data: A Hypothesis specifies the need of data i.e. whether research will require primary data or secondary data. Hypothesis would enable to collect required data. Without hypothesis much useless data may be collected and important data would be omitted. 4) Identifies sources of data: A Hypothesis also specifies the source of data i.e. survey, experiment, observation, library, reports, internet etc. Therefore, the researcher would consider only the relevant source of data, which in turn would speed up the research activity. 5) Development of theory and principles: Hypothesis also facilitates development of theory and principles. Eg. The theory of consumer behaviour which presupposes that no two consumers think and behave alike. Similarly, 14 Principles of Management by Henry Fayol, states that practicing these principles in an organization, results into increasing organizational efficiency. 6) Provides specific direction: When hypothesis is finalized a definite and specific direction is provided to the research work. It makes way to the progress of investigation. In the absence of hypothesis it becomes extremely difficult to focus on research problem. 7) Prevents blind research: Hypothesis lights up the path of research. It distinguishes between scientific and unscientific inputs. It acts as a guide. Accuracy and precision is possible through hypothesis. Therefore, hypothesis prevents blind research. 8) Economical:   Developing hypothesis in business research is economical. It saves time, money and energy of a researcher because it guides the researcher in the right direction. Hypothesis provides the basis for proper data collection. Relevant and correct information collected by a researcher through properly formulated hypothesis.     If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141          Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation   F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam   S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam   F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam     S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam     T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam     M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam   M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw   research methodology for business mcom sem 2 questions bank M.com Semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank m.com semester 2 research methodology for business important notes research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 notes pdf research methodology for business M.com Semester 2 important questions bank research methodology for business M.com Semester 2 exam IMP questions bank research methodology for business m.com semester 2 exam question paper research methodology for business m.com question papers with answers pdf mumbai university mumbai university solved question papers download pdf m.com part 1 question papers with answers idol mumbai university question papers with solutions M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank pdf download M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank pdf M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank mcq research methodology for business m.com mcq pdf research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 pdf research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 mcq pdf solved questions on research methodology for business pdf free download 100 questions (and answers) about research methodology for business pdf      

M.COM PART 1, Question Bank, Research Methodology

Research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 notes pdf | What is Review of Literature? Elucidate its significance

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IDOL Mumbai University important questions bank   M.com Part 1 (sem. 2) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR BUSINESS      Q.5. What is Review of Literature? Elucidate its significance. ANS: Meaning The researcher must consult the available publications such as books, journals, magazines, research reports and similar other publications before starting his/her own research activity. ROL refers to extensive review of literature relating to research problem which researcher intends to undertake. Such ROL provides good insides into research problems and get familiar with previous research studies undertaken. Significance of Review of Literature (ROL) 1) Get background knowledge of research problem: A research problem is a question that a researcher wants to answer or a problem that a researcher wants to solve. ROL helps researcher to get background knowledge of Research Problem. 2) Helps to identify gaps in research: Research gap refers to the areas which are not explored in the past researches. ROL enables the researcher to identify the gap in research, conflicts in previous studies, open questions left from other research. The researcher can make an attempt to fill this gap by undertaken research activity. 3) Help to formulate research hypotheses: Hypothesis is an assumption made to explain certain fact or provide basis for further investigation. It is tentative in nature and it may prove to be correct or incorrect. Past studies or ROL helps researchers to frame hypothesis for his/her current studies. The researcher collects data which may prove or disprove the hypothesis. Based on the result of hypothesis testing a conclusion can be drawn. 4) Get familiar with methodology adopted by other researchers: Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information/data about a research problem. ROL enables researcher to get familiar with methodology that is used by other researchers in their researches. Accordingly, he/she can decide his/her own methodology in terms or target population, sample size, method and technique of data collection and analysis and so on. 5) Prepare research design: Research design is a logical and systematic outline of research project prepared for directing, guiding and controlling a research work. With the help of ROL, a researcher can prepare his/her research design. Research design keeps research work on right track and help to complete research in time. 6) Prepare sample design: A sample design is the framework, or road map, that serves as the basis for the selection of a survey sample. In a research, it is not possible to collect data from entire population/universe due to constraints of time, money and energy on the part of researcher. So researcher needs to select samples from population/universe of research. Sample selected must be true representative of the population/universe of research. ROL helps researcher to prepare proper sample design. 7) Get familiar with data collection sources and data analysis techniques: For the purpose of researcher primary or secondary or both data can be used by a researcher. The primary data can be collected by observation, survey or experiment method. Secondary data can be collected from library, internet, reports etc. Collected data needs to be analysed to draw conclusion out of it. Various statistical tools can be used such as correlation, measures of central tendency and so on for the purpose for data analysis. ROL facilitates to get familiar with data collection sources and data analysis techniques used by other researchers. 8) Understand findings of other researchers and their conclusions: ROL helps researcher to understand findings of other researchers and their conclusion. It can be basis for researcher’s own further research activity. 9) To compile bibliography: Bibliography is a list of sources used in our research. The main purpose of a bibliography entry is to give credit to authors whose work researcher has consulted in his/her research. ROL helps researcher to refer bibliography of others researchers to find out more about the topic by exploring into their research. 10) Understand the structure of research report: Research report is a written document containing key aspects of research project. After the research work is completed, the findings along with recommendations are presented in the form of research report to the authority for the purpose of further decision making. So ROL enables researcher to understand the structure of research report.   If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141        Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation   F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam   S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam   F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam     S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam     T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam     M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam   M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw   research methodology for business mcom sem 2 questions bank M.com Semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank m.com semester 2 research methodology for business important notes research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 notes pdf research methodology for business M.com Semester 2 important questions bank research methodology for business M.com Semester 2 exam IMP questions bank research methodology for business m.com semester 2 exam question paper research methodology for business m.com question papers with answers pdf mumbai university mumbai university solved question papers download pdf m.com part 1 question papers with answers idol mumbai university question papers with solutions M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank pdf download M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank pdf M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank mcq research methodology for business m.com mcq pdf research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 pdf research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 mcq pdf solved questions on research methodology for business pdf free download 100 questions (and answers) about research methodology for business pdf      

M.COM PART 1, Question Bank, Research Methodology

M.com Semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank

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 IDOL Mumbai University important questions bank   M.com Part 1 (sem. 2) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR BUSINESS Q.3. Discuss the objectives of research. ANS: 1) To find out solution to problems: Research can be undertaken to find solutions to solve a specific problem. Data is collected on the problem faced by an organization. Such data is analysed and interpretation is made to find out solution to solve the problem. Eg. An organization may initiate research to find solution to problem of declining sales of their product in the market. So the data is collected to find out reasons for declining sales and analysis of such data may provide solution to the problem. 2) To obtain Information: Research is undertaken to obtain information, which may not be easily available. Variety of information can be collected such as consumer preference, competitor’s strategy, demand, economic conditions and so on. Such information is vital for a marketer to take crucial marketing decisions. 3) To make future predictions: Research enables a businessman to collect past and present data. Based on such data, the researcher can make future predictions about business situation and business stand in near future. Eg. A marketer wishes to launch a new product in the market. With the help of research he can predict the future of that product and then decide whether to come up with that product or not. 4) To develop new tools and concepts: Research helps to develop new tools and concepts for better study of an unknown phenomenon. For this purpose, exploratory research is undertaken to achieve new insights into such phenomenon. Eg. Research enables a business firm to know what factors affect consumer satisfaction in modern times. Accordingly, marketer can develop new tools and concepts to provide maximum consumer satisfaction. 5) To verify and test existing laws or theories: Research may be undertaken to verify and test existing laws or theories. Such verification and testing of existing laws and theories is required to know the relevance of it in present time.   If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141        Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation   F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam   S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam   F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam     S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam     T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam     M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam   M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw   research methodology for business mcom sem 2 questions bank M.com Semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank m.com semester 2 research methodology for business important notes research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 notes pdf research methodology for business M.com Semester 2 important questions bank research methodology for business M.com Semester 2 exam IMP questions bank research methodology for business m.com semester 2 exam question paper research methodology for business m.com question papers with answers pdf mumbai university mumbai university solved question papers download pdf m.com part 1 question papers with answers idol mumbai university question papers with solutions M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank pdf download M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank pdf M com semester 2 research methodology for business important questions bank mcq research methodology for business m.com mcq pdf research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 pdf research methodology for business m.com part 1 sem 2 mcq pdf solved questions on research methodology for business pdf free download 100 questions (and answers) about research methodology for business pdf      

M.COM PART 2, Marketing Strategies and practice, Question Bank

Marketing strategies and practice m.com. semester – iii question bank

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  M.COM. SEMESTER – III BUSINESS STUDIES (MANAGEMENT)  MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PRACTICE     Q.4. Define Marketing Opportunity Analysis. Describe its process in brief. ANS: Market Opportunity Analysis is a tool used by a firm to identify the attractiveness of a business opportunity in terms of its feasibility and viability. This is conducted before undertaking the new product of service Marketing Strategies and practices to estimate profit and revenue it can generate in a particular market. The most important factor which is determined during the market analysis of a product is its Forecasted Demand. Market Opportunity Analysis helps in answering the following question: · Which is the most profitable segment? · What is the rate of growth of opportunity? · What is the density and intensity of competition? · What is the gap which is not filled by competitors’ product? Market Analysis if carried out properly leads to creation of marketing intelligence which will help us in formulating right marketing strategies for right market segment at right time. It helps in determine how to provide a better product to the market than being currently offered. This will make customers prefer the firm’s product over competitors’. Process of Market Opportunity Analysis: The process of analysis of market opportunity comprises of the following steps: 1. Scanning and Analysis Macro Environmental Forces: The external environmental factors like economic condition, policies and trends, political environment, legal system, social and environmental pattern and technological trends are studied with a view to determine their possible impact on the business and its market. 2. Describe the Industry: The analysis of industrial environment is done to find its current trend and anticipating its future. Michael Porter Five Forces Model is a popular tool used to determine an industry’s long term attractiveness. The five forces which are examined in this model are: i. Rivalry among Existing Competitors: The firms in the same industry producing products which are close substitute of each other. Factors like investment intensity required to start and sustain the firm, difference in product characteristics, cost of switching from one brand to another etc. are the factors to be studied under this force. ii. Threat of New Entrants: New entrants intensify the competition more. The greater this threat is the less attractive is the industry. The threat increases when it is easy to attain economies of scale, less capital requirement at outset, easy to gain distribution etc. iii. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: the supplier to a firm may have increased bargaining power if the cost of switching the suppliers is high for the firm or substitute are either less in number or are Introduction to Marketing Strategies expensive. If the firm can undertake backward integration the bargaining power supplier become less. iv. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Factors like price, product quality, added services help. Other factors which may influence the bargaining power of buyers are number of buyers, switching cost for buyers, product’s performance and its importance for buyers etc. v. Threat of Substitute Products: Substitute are the alternative of product types (not the alternative of a brand) that can perform similar function. The more similar is the performance of substitute to the main product, higher is the threat to the firm. Substitute products are generally put barrier to the product by limiting its price.     Michael Porter Five Forces Model Source: www.business-to-you.com 3. Detailed Analysis of Competitors: The firm has to do a detailed analysis of the competitors in the industry, howsoever big or small, for gaining market intelligence to take right strategic decisions. Some of the factors to be studies are product description, strength and weaknesses (relative), market share, strategies related to pricing, promotion and placing etc. 4. Creating Profile of Target Market: The firm need to understand and record the essentials features of target consumers and market. The answering the following questions may help the firm to draw a profile sketch of target market: · Who are the potential customers? · What is their need? Or what are they looking for? · When do they need? · Which distribution channel can help reaching them? · What are the factors influencing their buying decisions? · What are the trends? 5. Set Sales Projections: Information collected using different techniques is deployed for forecasting sale of the product. The data also help in anticipating most optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for future. Taking all facts and analysis into account, the most realistic sale projection is recorded for evaluation purpose.         If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141        Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation   F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam   S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam   F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam     S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam     T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam     M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam   M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www .youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw   marketing strategies and practice m.com. semester – iii question paper marketing strategies and practice m.com. semester – iii question bank m.com sem 3 marketing strategies and practices question paper marketing strategies and practice m.com. semester – iii question bank current year M com semester iii marketing strategies and practice question bank with answers M com semester iii marketing strategies and practice question bank pdf M com semester iii marketing strategies and practice question bank m com 3rd sem solved question papers marketing strategies and practices question paper m.com 3rd sem question papers with answers marketing strategies and practices m.com sem 3 question paper m.com question papers with answers pdf mumbai university Marketing strategies and practice m com semester iii question bank with answers Marketing strategies and practice m com semester iii question bank pdf marketing strategy questions and answers pdf marketing strategies and practices question paper m.com 3rd sem question papers with answers m com 4th sem solved question papers M com sem 3 marketing strategies and practices question

M.COM PART 2, Marketing Strategies and Plans, Question Bank

marketing strategies and practice m.com. semester – iii question bank

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M.COM. SEMESTER – III BUSINESS STUDIES (MANAGEMENT) MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PRACTICE   Q.2. State different types of Marketing Strategies ANS: The Marketers use the different combination of marketing mix (4Ps to 7Ps) to get advantage over the competitors in the market. The position of the firm in the market plays a major role in deciding the strategies. Following the strategies based on different positions in the market. 1. Market Leader Strategies: This is adopted when the firm enjoys maximum share of market. Here the firm focuses on expanding the market size, defending its share and increasing the relative market share. It can be achieved by identifying new segments for sale of product, introducing differentiation (of price and product) to stand apart from the competition and introducing scheme to infuse more sale in the existing market segments. Leaders have to beware of challenger’s strategies and continuously work on their weak areas. 2. Market Challenger Strategies: The challengers work on identifying the areas where the leader may be weaker like change of technology, dissatisfied customers etc. · The challengers can adopt frontal attack strategy by adopting the same features of goods and making choice for consumer difficult · The challengers may take up flank attack if frontal is not possible or otherwise too. Here challenger attack where ever the market leader is weak or is caught off-guarded. · The encirclement attack can be taken up by adopting both frontal and flank attack at the same time · The challengers can take less offensive course by capturing the segments or markets which have not been taken up by leaders and gradually increasing overall market share · Guerrilla Strategy can be adopted by constantly engaging the leader in price war or surprising the firm with very unique features of the product to compete. Introduction to Marketing Strategies Examples of Market leaders and challengers. Marketing leaders are the one who have highest relative market share and work on defending its share and expanding it. Challengers are usually second or third in terms of relative market share, but constantly attack the leader for increasing their share or occupying markets where leaders have weaker presence 3. Market Follower Strategies: These firms do not challenge or compete with the leaders. They, in turn, follow the success strategies of leaders and learn from them. The time tested marketing mix strategies are adopted leading to reduced risks. Example of Market Follower. Dell has been following the marketing strategies of Sony Vaio 4. Niche Market Strategies: It is adopted by small firms which would like to have full control on small segment. This strategy is more cost efficient as product differentiation will be created specially to cater to a small market with predictable demand.  

Cost Accounting, M.COM PART 2, Question Bank

Advanced cost accounting question with answers pdf m.com part 2 sem 3

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  M.COM. SEMESTER – III (CBCS) ADVANCED COST ACCOUNTING Most Important Question Bank for Current Exam Q.2. The product of a company passes through 3 distinct process. The following information is obtained from the accounts forthe month ending January 31, 2008.   ANS:   If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141        Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation   F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam   S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam   F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam     S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam     T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam     M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam   M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw      

M.COM PART 2, Question Bank, Rural marketing

Rural marketing M.com semester – iii (cbcs) most important questions

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  M.COM SEMESTER – III (CBCS) RURAL MARKETING  Most Important Question Bank for Current Exam   Module – I Q.2. Explain the evolution of Rural Marketing. ANS: Part I (Before 1960): Rural marketing referred to selling of rural products in rural and urban areas and agricultural inputs in rural markets. It was treated as synonymous to „agricultural marketing’. 4 Agricultural produces like food grains and industrial inputs like cotton, oil seeds, sugarcane etc. occupied the central place of discussion during this period. The supply-chain activities of firms supplying agricultural inputs and of artisans in rural Rural Marketing areas received secondary attention. The local marketing of products like bamboo baskets, ropes, window and door frames, small agricultural tools like ploughs by sellers like black smiths, carpenters, cobblers, and pot makers were emphasised in general. This was totally an unorganized market where all banias and mahajans (local business people) dominated this market. Part II (1960 to 1990): In this era, green revolution resulted from scientific farming and transferred many of the poor villages into prosperous business centers. As a result, the demand for agricultural inputs went up especially in terms of wheats and paddies. Better irrigation facilities, soil testing, use of high yield variety seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and deployment of machinery like powder tillers, harvesters, threshers etc. changed the rural scenario. In this context, marketing of agricultural inputs took the importance. Two separate areas of activities had emerged- during this period „marketing of agricultural inputs’ and the conventional “Agricultural Marketing”. During this period, the marketing of rural products received considerable attention in the general marketing frame work. The formation of agencies like Khadi and Village Industries Commission, Girijan Cooperative Societies APCO Fabrics, IFFCO, KRIBHCO, etc., and also the special attention government had paid to promote these products were responsible for this upsurge. Village industries flourished and products like handicrafts, handloom textiles, soaps, safety matches, crackers etc. hit the urban market on a large scale from rural areas. Part III (After Mid 1990s): The products which were not given attention so far during the two earlier phases were that of marketing of household consumables and durables to the rural markets due to obvious reasons. The economic conditions of the country were as such that the rural people were not in a position to buy these kinds of products. Secondly, our market was in a close shape and we never allowed companies (foreign) to operate in Indian market. But we lifted the … and opened up economy, consequently companies started flourishing in India. The small villages/hamlets were widely scattered making reach difficult and expensive consequently. Rural markets were seen an adjunct to urban market and conveniently ignored. However, since 1990s, India’s industrial sector had gained in strength and maturity. Its contribution to GNP increased substantially. A new service sector had emerged signifying the metamorphosis of agricultural society into industrial society. Meanwhile, due to the development programmes of the central and state governments, service organizations and socially responsible business groups like Mafatlal, Tatas, Birlas, Goenkas and others, the rural area witnessed an all round socio-economic progress. The economic reforms further accelerated the process by introducing competition in the markets. Steadily, the rural market has grown for household consumables and durables. Rural marketing represented the emergent distinct activity of attracting and serving rural markets to fulfil Rural Marketing the needs and wants of persons, households and occupations of rural people. As a result of the above analysis, we are in a position to define rural marketing “Rural marketing can be seen as a function which manages all those activities involved in assessing, stimulating and converting the purchasing power 6 into an effective demand for specific products and services, and moving them to the people in rural area to create satisfaction and a standard of living for them and thereby achieves the goals of the organization”.     If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141      Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation   F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam   S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam   F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam     S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam     T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam     M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam   M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam  YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw      

M.COM PART 1, MACROECONOMIC, Question Bank

M.com 2nd sem Economics importance question papers with answers mumbai university

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  M.Com SEMESTER – II MACROECONOMIC   1.   Q.3. Explain the concept of National Income Deflator. ANS: When we divide nominal national income by real national income, we obtain the national income deflator. The real national income can be calculated by dividing nominal national income by the national income deflator. The national income deflator for various years given is given in Table 1.5.   You may notice from Table 1.5 that when we divide the nominal national income by the real income, we can obtain national income deflator. However, to find out the real national income one needs the price index of the relevant years. Once, we have the current year price index number, we can find out the national income of the current year by dividing the nominal national income of the current year by the current year price index and multiply the quotient by hundred. Alternatively, the national income deflator can be found by dividing the current year price index by the base year price index. Since the base year price index is always hundred, the national income deflator can be simply found by moving the decimal points by two digits to the left. For instance, the wholesale price index in the year 2015-16 divided by 100 would give the national income deflator as 1.2206. You may notice that we have simply shifted the decimal point by two digits to the left. Now when we divide the nominal national income or the national income at current prices by the national income deflator, we can obtain the real national income. For example, Rs.121.62 Trillion divided by 1.2206 will give us Rs.99.63 Trillion which is the real national income for the year 2015-16.     If you want exam most important question bank pdf then you have to pay per subject 100/- rupees only .  Contact 8652719712 / 8779537141      Telegram Group Mumbai Univeersity :- https://t.me/mumbaiuniversityidol     Suraj Patel Education :- https://t.me/surajpateleducation       F.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/FYJCexam     S.Y.J.C EXAM :- https://t.me/SYJCexam     F.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/fyexam       S.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/syexam       T.Y EXAM :- https://t.me/tyexam       M.Com Part 1 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart1Exam     M.Com Part 2 EXAM :- https://t.me/McomPart2Exam M.A EXAM :- https://t.me/mastudentsexam    YouTube Channel  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv8JIY58xfWHUIXVu9wxNHw     Best Other MCQ   Webside www.mumbaiuniversityidol.com  All Subject MCQ Link       

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